Surgery

Surgery (from Greek: ?e????????? cheirourgike through Latin chirurgiae, meaning hand work ") is a medical specialty that uses technical manuals and means the patient to investigation and / or treatment of a pathological condition such as illness or injury, to help improve body function or appearance, or sometimes for a different reason. An action can perform surgery called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply surgery. In this context, the operation of the word is done surgery. From the surgery that is related to surgery, eg surgical instruments or surgical nurse. Patient or subject that the surgery is done can be a person or animal. One is a surgeon who performs operations on patients. People described as surgeons often practice medicine, but the term also applies to physicians, podiatric physicians, dentists (or called a doctor oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) and Dr veterinary Surgery can last from several minutes to several hours, but usually is not a kind of continuous or periodic treatment.

The term surgery can also refer to where the surgery is done, or simply the office of a doctor, dentist / doctor oral and maxillofacial surgery, or doctor of veterinary

Definition of surgery
Surgery is a medical technology consisting of a physical intervention on tissues. As a general rule, the procedure is considered a surgical when it involves cutting the tissue of the patient or close to maintains a previous wound. Other procedures that are not necessarily under this rubric, such as angioplasty or endoscopy, may be considered surgery if they are related to the "common" surgical procedure or settings, such as the use of a sterile environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical instruments, and suturing or stapling. All forms of surgery are considered invasive procedures; so-called "Noninvasive surgery" usually refers to an excision does not penetrate the structure being excised (eg laser ablation of the cornea) or a radio surgical procedure (eg irradiation of a tumor).

Types of surgery
Surgical procedures are usually classified according to urgency, type of procedure relating to body systems, the level of invasiveness, and special instruments. Elective surgery is done to correct non-life-threatening conditions, and shall comply with the requirements of patients, depending on the surgeon and the facilities ready for surgery. Emergency surgery is surgery which must be done quickly to save life, limb, or storage functions. Exploration surgery is done to support or confirm a diagnosis. Therapeutic surgical treatment a condition previously diagnosed.

Amputation involves cutting part of the body, usually a limb or digits. Replantation involved reattaching a severed body part. Reconstruction surgery involving the reconstruction of an injured or cut, or deformed part of the body. Cosmetic surgery is done to improve the appearance of an otherwise normal structure. Excision is the cutting out of a body, tissue, or other body part from the patient. Surgical implant is replaced by an agency or part of the body by inserting the other from different human (or animal) in patients. Remove an organ or body part from a living human or animal for use in transplantation is also a type of surgery.

When surgery is performed on one organ system or structure, it can be classified according to body system of organs or tissue. For example, heart surgery (performed on the heart), gastrointestinal surgery (performed in the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs), and orthopedic surgery (performed on bones and / or muscle).

Minimal invasive surgery related to the operation under external wound (s) to insert miniaturized instruments within a body cavity or structure, as well as Laparoscopic surgery or angioplasty. Contrast, a surgical procedure that requires opening a large incision to access the area of interest. Laser surgery involves using a laser to cut tissue instead of a scalpel or similar surgical instrument. Microsurgery involves using an operating microscope for the surgeon to see small structures. Robot surgery makes use of a surgical robot, such as Da Vinci or the Zeus surgical system to control the instruments under the guidance of the surgeon is.